Now, let's see how all these parts work together to provide you with hot water. Sacrificial anode rod: Made of magnesium or aluminum with a steel core, the sacrificial anode rod is suspended in the water heater tank to help retard corrosion.Pressure relief valve: This safety device keeps the pressure inside the water heater within safe limits.Drain valve: Located near the bottom of the exterior housing, the drain valve makes it easy to empty the tank to replace the elements, remove sediment or move the tank to another location.Gas water heaters use a burner and chimney system instead. Heating mechanism: Electric water heaters have heating elements inside the tank to heat the water.Some electric water heaters have a separate thermostat for each element. Thermostat: This is a thermometer- and temperature-control device.Heat-out pipe: Suspended toward the top of the tank's interior, the heat-out pipe allows the hot water to exit the water heater.It's a separate component from the heater located outside and above the unit. Shut-off valve: The shut-off valve stops water from flowing into the water heater. Dip tube: Water enters the water heater through the dip tube at the top of the tank and travels to the tank bottom where it's then heated.Over that, there's a decorative outer shell and possibly an additional insulating blanket. The exterior of the tank is covered in an insulating material like polyurethane foam. Tank: The inner shell of a water heater is a heavy metal tank containing a water protective liner that holds 40 to 60 gallons (151 to 227 liters) of hot water at around 50 to 100 pounds per square inch (PSI), within the pressure range of a typical residential water system.
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